The main palace of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid, ar-Raqqa

The main palace of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid, ar-Raqqa

The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Pavilion, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Pavilion, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Excavation work, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Excavation work, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, The western enclosure, view from inside

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, The western enclosure, view from inside

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of Ayyubid arch in the western enclosure

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of Ayyubid arch in the western enclosure

Terrace with portico in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm

Terrace with portico in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm

Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall

Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918

Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a2_Close-up view of ornamental medallion/ window

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963

Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963

Rakhla: The City of Wine and Poetry in the Memory of its daughters

Previous state, inscription in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a3_Close-up view of inscription

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a4_Close-up view of carved ornamental star

Remains of a building from the extensions of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Remains of a building from the extensions of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, decorations at the top of tower gate

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, decorations at the top of tower gate

Aerial photo of al-ʿAtiq mosque, ar-Raqqa

Aerial photo of al-ʿAtiq mosque, ar-Raqqa

Mohamad Al Roumi_Raqqa_ed

Mohamad Al Roumi_Raqqa_ed

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower

Drawings at the entrance Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi

Drawings at the entrance Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi